China's traditional culture has always advocated the "harmony between man and nature", which has produced a very interesting phenomenon: people have long been accustomed to giving them more humanistic colors in the process of dealing with natural things; and these Understanding and feelings will eventually return to the foundation of human beings and the way of life, and thus reflect a certain commonality. Yu is a supreme realm. Chinese people have always loved jade, Tibetan jade, and jade. Even though there are many classifications of Chinese cultural relics, in the eyes of the older generation of research scholars and collectors, the top three in the rankings must have jade, and even its position. More popular than the current market. Being able to have such a unique position in a long-standing civilization, the power of the literati is indispensable. Mentioning jade collections, Ming and Qing jade has been a hot spot in the circle for many years, and it is most sought after in the Qing Dynasty. The treasures that once existed deep in the deep palace compound are both atmospheric and deep, and the energy of “not angry and self-defeating†seems to be born. And when we want to pursue this feeling more truly, the Palace Museum is undoubtedly the best place to go. It is reported that the current collection of jade articles in the jade warehouse of the Palace Museum is about 30,000 pieces, of which more than 5,000 pieces belong to the Ming Dynasty, and nearly 20,000 pieces of jade articles were used in the Qing Dynasty. As a researcher at the Palace Museum, Dr. Xu Lin, a graduate of Nanjing University's Department of History and Archaeology, has been working here for more than ten years. With many years of experience in the preservation of jade articles, she talked about the court jade. Her opening remarks were: "Before giving lectures to students, Guanglong had to say one day." This is exactly what we meant in this interview. This emperor with "Tenquan martial arts", is his taste as cheesy as some people are now criticized? If you can have a deeper understanding of Qianlong jade, you will find this is a misunderstanding. The designer, the poet, the pioneer of Wenchuang, and the manager of the "Yuzai" Qianlong are really not ordinary. "China Collection": First of all, please tell us about the "home bottom" of the Imperial Palace jade collection. Xu Lin: The study of the Forbidden City in the utensils is relatively fine. The jade warehouse is dedicated to collecting jade articles, but many of them are not in this warehouse. Because this kind of classification is divided by quality, it is also divided by category. For example, jade articles with inlaid crafts are available in departments and groups such as the jade storehouse and the court department. Therefore, there is still no accurate number of jade articles in the collection of the Forbidden City. According to my estimation, the total number of Chinese jade articles collected in the Forbidden City should be in the forefront of the country and the world, and there are more boutiques. There is also a considerable feature, that is, the collection of jade articles in the Forbidden City has been from prehistoric to Ming and Qing Dynasties. A large part of the Tibetan jade in the Forbidden City is the Qing dynasty. The collections of these royal collections have made a great contribution to the creation of jade carvings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "China Collection": Can you give an example? Xu Lin: You can see from the middle of the royal collection that the Ming and Qing emperors will make jade. For example, Qianlong, he especially likes antiques, but it is not exactly the same. For example, he saw a piece of jade in the Han Dynasty, liked the ornamentation above, or a beautiful bronze. He would use jade to imitate one piece, and at the same time make changes. The finished product is both antique and innovative. The court jade carving has the greatest contribution to this art category, and to say that the palace jade carving must be inseparable from Qianlong, he is a "yu idiot." At the end of this year, we plan to hold an exhibition on the poems of Qianlong jade articles. At present, there are nearly a thousand poems by Emperor Qianlong who specialize in jade. I have been doing this statistical work, and I have not counted the final figures until now. In comparison, there are more than 300,000 pieces of porcelain in the Imperial Palace, but there are not many poems in the real enamelware of Qianlong. "China Collection": You just said that you can only talk about one day when you talk about the jade carvings of Qianlong. Xu Lin: Yes. No matter from which aspect, the jade carvings of the Qianlong period are a peak. In addition to antiques, there are times when jade and innovation. The most representative of the "Dazhi Water" Yushanzi is that he uses jade to express his thoughts on governing the country. He put his political ideals, life emotions, understanding of the country, etc. on the jade, reflecting his feelings. His contribution to the palace jade carving is of course the greatest. Why Qianlong loves jade so much is directly related to his influence on Confucian culture. Compared with Kang Daigan's three generations, it has been very Chinese. Before Qianlong did not take the throne, he had a lot of poems of Saitama. After the position, there was more room for him to play. In addition, he settled Zhungeer for the first time, and smoothed the jade road from Hetian to the center for the first time, so that the jade material can continuously enter the central area. Therefore, since the twenty-five years of Qianlong, the Gongyu system has been formed. No. It is the first condition for jade making, and he solved this problem. Then in the craft, because he is "Tai Ping Tian Zi", you can use the power of the country to adjust the best jade workers into the palace. "China Collection": How to appreciate the "paint-based" of Qianlong jade carving? Xu Lin: Qianlong is obsessed with painting and calligraphy. He will let the painter and painter, including himself, participate in the design of jade carving. The Ruyi Museum of the Forbidden City was the place where the court painters stayed. It was also the place where the jade workers stayed. These people are together and communicate with each other every day, and the design level will definitely improve. During this period, some jade carvings were directly used as drafts by literati painters. Qianlong jade carving has many elements of landscape painting, all designed by literati painters, such as a jade pen holder. If spread out, it is a landscape painting. From the perspective of painting and calligraphy, he even used the mountain sculpture to the extreme. For example, the path of carving in the mountain, all the characters are the same as the picture, and the road depicted is hidden, even from any angle. These roads are unobstructed. There are also jade carving works on the theme of "Autumn Mountain Travel Map" and "Huichang Jiu Lao Tu", including many things in calligraphy and painting that express the literati's elegant collection, which will be expressed in jade. Qianlong believes that the preservation period of calligraphy and painting paper products is up to a thousand years, but jade is not bad for a long time. It is a very central idea to preserve it with jade. Qianlong is very powerful. He knows that different things have to be chosen differently. Many jade carvings created during this period are now out of date. "China Collection": Qianlong jade carving has antiques and innovations. Can you give me a specific introduction? Xu Lin: The antiques of the Qianlong period are very interesting, and they must not be exactly the same as they are. The so-called imitation is actually an imitation of ancient meaning. You see the dragon pattern of the Qianlong jade carving, which is different from the dragon pattern of the Shang Dynasty jade carving. For example, this Qianlong imitation of the Han Dynasty, he made it a bit of innovation. Originally worn on the finger to pull the bow and archery, so with the hole, in the Han Dynasty evolved into a chicken heart, become a decoration; to the Qianlong and innovation, make it a match - two pieces can be separated, can also be like 榫They are inserted together into a piece. He has done a lot of work, and the work is very delicate. It is worth mentioning that Qianlong is very honest. If it is antique, it will be engraved with the "Da Qing Emperor Qianlong antiques"; if it is done in the palace, it is generally engraved "Da Qing Qianlong Year System", if it is sent to the palace What is done outside is generally engraved with "Qianlong Yu". "China Collection": So it is said that Qianlong is also quite trendy, not only a designer, but also a "literary creation." Xu Lin: Qianlong especially loves to write poetry. I have calculated it. From his birth to his death, the average is one day. There are quite a lot of poems on Qianlong jade. To this end, he specially trained the masters of jade carving characters. These people must understand both the jade carving and the calligraphy of the calligraphy. This is very difficult, even harder than making jade itself. And the lettering on different utensils is different. The lettering on jade is quite unique because the tools used are different from porcelain and glass. It is estimated that these jade carving masters can only complete two or three words a day on average. Like Yushanzi, the "Dazhi Water", it takes nearly two years to just engrave. The lettering of Qianlong jade carving is "there is no one before, no one afterwards." Because of this, he wrote it himself, and there are also calligraphers. Many of his ministers are famous calligraphers. Therefore, I have always believed that the jade culture is the spring snow, not the lower Liba. It has always been a spiritual sustenance. "China Collection": What do you think is the most popular style of Qianlong jade? Xu Lin: It should be said that it is a royal set. Some people say that the jade carvings of Qianlong are all done by the Soviet Union, which proves that the Soviet workers are very powerful. I think it is not entirely true that this is too general. At that time, the best craftsmen in the founding office were indeed Soviet workers, but they did not actually make any fine works in the local area. The real fame is that after coming to the palace, the people in the eyes, the platform, and the contacts are different. The royal collections are seen, so their boutiques are all in the royal family. According to the archives of the Qing Dynasty Office, even if it is to send a place to live, Qianlong must also ask the local to do the design that has been designed and played in the palace. If it is not satisfied, it will be returned to the reform, even the simplest bowl. This is true for dishes. He also personally participated in the review of the paintings, and asked to spare no expense and strive for perfection, which invisibly promoted the improvement of the craft level. Why is it that the jade carvings of the Qianlong period are beautiful? This is one reason. "China Collection": Is there a selection system for these craftsmen? What is the treatment? Xu Lin: Qianlong will let the local first select and try it after entering the palace. I can often see in the archives of the office. If he wants to catch a batch of work, he needs a lot of craftsmen. One method is to send it to the local area. Another way is to recruit jade workers to go to Beijing. In the process of rushing the work, if the craftsman's craftsmanship is high, he or she will be left directly. If he does not move, he will return to his hometown, or a teacher who has served in the palace for one year or several years can leave. Excellent craftsmen, wages are quite good, and artisans with monthly silver and quarterly silver lettering pay more. Moreover, the system of selecting and appointing and treating is not only the palace jade carving, but also the various palace crafts. "China Collection": Today, we talked about Qianlong's jade. What do you think of the creation of contemporary jade carvings? Xu Lin: It realizes the creation of contemporary jade carvings. There is no shortage of materials and crafts. Even in terms of cutting level, grinding and polishing, the modern level must be higher than that of ancient times. After all, modern technology is advanced. The main reason for the lack is design. I don't advocate that modern people go to complete antiques, because your living environment and the immersion and edification have been different from the ancients. China's jade culture has not been interrupted for thousands of years. When we did research, we were able to clearly understand the era, because an era has its own distinctive characteristics. Just like the Qianlong jade carving that we mainly talked about today, although it is all-encompassing, the overall style, production method, craftsmanship and design are relatively consistent. Every historical stage of jade culture is inherited and innovated. I think the same is true for contemporary jade carving. During these years of industry exchanges, I have been instilling the concept of royal jade carving into the industry. In recent years, I have seen that some people have made great progress in design. The contemporary jade carving fights to the final fight is the cultural heritage, the real good works must be able to withstand repeated scrutiny. Customized Metal Keychains,Coin Keychain Custom ,Keychain Metal Customised Shenzhen MingFeng Art & Craft Products CO., LTD. , https://www.enamelkeychain.com