On November 21st, a jade mine landslide in Kachin State in northern Myanmar, more than 100 people were killed and 100 people were missing. In the eyes of the Chinese, jade is often mysterious, it is either given the magic of good luck, or as a symbol of wealth and prosperity, or a magic weapon for longevity. But in the northern part of Myanmar, near Yunnan Province, China, the priceless Burmese jade has become a veritable “blood jade†in the world's highest jade quality producing area. A large number of local villagers risked their lives to mine the residue waste, and they made a living, but almost everyone wanted to escape. Why is this? [Chinese demand] Myanmar has a rich and high-quality jade resource, which is a jade big country, so jade is also known as "Burma jade." Around the end of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, jade was introduced to China from neighboring Yunnan through the neighboring Yunnan, and the jade became a fashion. The Chinese people's special interest in jade and the relationship between China and Myanmar have made Myanmar a major source of Chinese jade. The Sino-Myanmar jade trade has flourished since China's reform and opening up in 1980. In the most insane period, as many as 50% to 80% of Myanmar jade smuggled and sold to China. [great profit] Because of its beautiful, lucky and other symbolic meanings, jade has become a jewelry that Chinese wealthy businessmen have bought. It is often said that gold is priceless and jade is priceless. The value of jade is not certain. A jade with no pure color can be used for price, and a jade blank that has just been mined is often called a very common price. The huge difference in the middle has also become a high profit pursued by many businessmen, especially Chinese businessmen. [resource plunder] In Myanmar, the first tax comes from agriculture, followed by jade. With the huge profits of trade jade, the Burmese people who should have embarked on the path of wealth still live in dire straits. The price of jade has not risen to any benefit. Minzayar Oo, a Myanmar photographer who tracked the jade trade five times in two years, believes that jade, the most abundant ore resource in Myanmar, does not help to improve the local economic situation and people's livelihood. [War and Destruction] The long-awaited war in Kachin State is the world's best quality jadeite mine. The Hpakant landslide accident on November 21st is here. Here, a milky green amulet sells for tens of thousands of dollars in jewelry stores in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China. The Jade Trade brings billions of dollars in annual income to the Pagan area. However, in the more than half a century of the Burmese military government's rule, most of the money has flowed into the pockets of the former military government's cronies and individuals. In addition, the government forces and local rebel forces have been vying for years, resulting in the mines being entangled in war and the living conditions are extremely poor. [Public market] On October 23, the Global Witness, a non-governmental organization that oversees global anti-corruption, reported that the Myanmar jade industry earned $31.1 billion in 2014, which is 48% of Myanmar's annual GDP. The 128-page report pointed out that the Myanmar jade industry is controlled by government elites, drug dealers, and companies with nepotism. As the central government of Myanmar once lost ground in the battle with the Kachin armed forces, the national order issued a ban on the private export of jadeite, and the smugglers were arrested for smuggling drugs. Jade can only be purchased through the jade bidding fair (also known as the public) organized by the Myanmar government. The government draws 30% of the transaction tax from the turnover. [Extraction abuse] “Global Witness†Global Witness believes that “the jade trade in Myanmar may be the most insane natural resource robbing in modern history, and the locals suffer from inhuman exploitation.†Here, an iron bar and a pair of already worn shoes are almost All the equipment of the miners. They live in war-torn mining areas, watching their resources plundered from their feet, but they have not received the corresponding compensation, but the price of a finished jade is thousands, tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of times their living expenses. [Safe and insecure] Poor working and living conditions are not the most important. In this huge mine, the life safety of miners is never guaranteed. The miners who crushed the miners did not care about the safety of the miners, and chose to illegally mine in order to make profits. In addition to the mine owners, there are many civilians who have been forced to come here for illegal mining because of their lives. They also lack the awareness of self-protection. [Desperate Mine Area] Due to the lack of supervision in the mining area, the mine disaster is almost uninterrupted. Due to the years of war, the greed and exploitation of the government and the rebels, the mining area has been in ruins, the accumulation of waste rock and the destruction of vegetation have greatly increased the risk of landslides. Just like the disaster on November 23, a small landslide can bury the lives of dozens or even hundreds of miners. Especially when the monsoon comes, collapses and floods are more frequent, and almost every day, the blood of labor is infused with this "crazy" Burmese jade. [铤 èµ° èµ° 】] Not only that, the miners also faced double pressure from government forces and rebels who were blackmailed, coerced, attacked and even arrested. The waste produced by the industry affects the health of the miners and affects the living environment of the surrounding people. However, Myanmar is one of the less developed countries in Southeast Asia. One quarter of the country's population lives on only $1.25 a day. The poverty of life makes them have to go to the mine again and again to take risks. ã€Drug AIDS】 The miners living in this environment are almost hunchbacked. They walk in the darkened mines all the year round. There is not enough food. The huge pressure makes them vulnerable to drugs. Heroin is very common among miners, who usually use a piece of jade in exchange for opium worth two dollars. But because poverty can't afford clean injecting drug needles, AIDS is rampant here. Emerald, the most insane stone in Myanmar, bears witness to the dark side and lasting pain of the Southeast Asian countries ruled by the military government for half a century. Since the implementation of democratic reforms by Myanmar President Wu Dengsheng in 2011, Western countries have lifted many sanctions against Myanmar, but the United States and Europe still maintain an embargo on Myanmar's jade and rubies on the grounds of poor mines and human rights violations. Although Myanmar has just experienced its first democratic election not long ago, the reality of poverty, the greed of officials and merchants, and the huge demand in the neighboring countries will continue to make this "blood stone" continue in a short time.
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